English I pre-AP (Period 8th) Assignments

Week 1 Vocabulary – quiz on Monday, September 9

Assertion – a sentence that states my opinion; I must use evidence to prove it!

Author’s purpose – why the writer is writing; to persuade, to inform, to entertain

Denotative meaning – dictionary definition of the word

Connotative meaning – feelings associated with the word

Embedded quote – placing textual evidence into my own sentence; must place in “quotation marks”

Thesis statement – most important sentence of the paper; it is found in the introduction; it gives my opinion and answers the prompt

Appositive Phrase – a noun phrase that renames the noun in front of it

Participle Phrase – a verb phrase that is used as an adjective; look for ING or ED

Infinitive Phrase – will begin with the word TO followed by a VERB

Prepositional Phrase – will begin with a PREPOSITON and end with a NOUN; adds details to a sentence and connects ideas

Ante – before (antecedent, antebellum, anterior)

Anti – against (antibody, antitoxin, antithesis)

Bi – two (bicycle, bifocals, bimonthly)

Circum – around (circumnavigate, circumspect, circumference)

Com – together (community, combination, comfort, commensurate)

Con – together (contract, confine, confederate)

De – down (descent, despicable, deduct)

Dis – away (distract, distort, dissonant, dismiss)

Equi – equal (equitable, equilateral, equinox)

Extra – beyond (extraordinary, extravagant, extravert)

 

 

Week 2 Vocabulary

 

inter - between

intra - within

intro - into

mal - bad

mis - bad

non - not

post - after

pre - before

semi - half

sub - under

1st person point of view - character is telling the story

3rd person limited point of view - narrator tells story and we only know what one character is thinking or feeling

3rd person omniscient point of view - narrator tells the story and we know what each character is thinking and feeling

allusion - reference to something famous almost anyone would know

imagery - figurative lanaguage - writer uses words and phrases that allow the reader to see, hear, taste, feel or smell.

genre - type of literature

paradox - contradiction, seems impossible, but turns out to be true

point of view - perspective from which the story is told

theme - the message from the author, not simply one word

metaphor - figurative language - comparison of two unlike things

annotation - make notes while close reading

euphemism - a more pleasant way to say something

style - the way an author crafts the writing

syntax - word arrangement

idiom - a saying that that is not literal

 

Week 3 Vocabulary

archy - government monarchy

ard - always dullard

cide - kill herbicide

ician - specialist musician

itis - infection tonsilitis

super - over

syn - together

sym - together

tri - three

un - not

character foil - one who serves as a contrast to another character

dynamic - round characters with many traits and ones who change

static - flat characters who always remain the same

flashback - a scene that interrupts action to refer to a previous scene

foreshadowing - a hint of future actions

irony - situational - situation that turns out differently than you would expect

irony - verbal - when a character says one thing but really means another

non-linear plot - story told in non-chronological order

parallel plot - a secondary plot involving main character

sarcasm - appears to be praising but is really insulting

epiphany - sudden realization of truth

character motivation - the reason behind a characters actions or words

mood - feeling created by words

tone - author's attitude toward a subject

 

 

Week 4 Vocabulary – quiz on Monday, September 30

Tone – author’s attitude toward a subject

Symbol – an object, person, place or thing that represents something else

Simile – a comparison using “like” or “as”; a type of figurative language

Alliteration – the practice of beginning consecutive words with the same constant sounds

Onomatopoeia – a word that echoes the sound; a sound effect word

Extended metaphor – a comparison that is sustained throughout several lines or throughout the entire piece.

Diction – the author’s word choice

Pronoun – a word that takes the place of a noun: he, she, we, they, it, him, her, us, them, etc.

Shift – a sudden change; there can be a shift in tone, setting, point of view

Stanza – a unit or division in poetry of related lines; a paragraph in poetry

aqua – water (aquarium, aquatic, aquaduct)

audi– hear (audience, auditory, audiometer)

bell – war (bellicose, belligerent, rebel)

cap – take (capture, captive, captivate)

cise – cut (incisors, incision, concise)

bio – life (biology, biography, biochemistry)

auto – self (autonomous, autobiography, automobile)

port– carry (deport, transport, report, import)

scrib – write (inscribe, describe, transcribe)

logy – science or study (biology, anthropology, geology)

PLUS 5 words from LIST 1

 

Week 5 Vocabulary – quiz on Monday, October 7

Direct Characterization – what the author tells us about the character; usually physical descriptions are direct

Indirect Characterization – what the reader must infer about the character based on his actions and words

Personification – giving human characteristics to something that is not human

Rhyme – a repetition of sounds

Audience – the intended readers or viewers of a written work or performance

Dialogue – a conversation between characters; words are placed in quotation marks

Monologue – a speech given by a single character

Dramatic Irony – when the audience knows more than the character does

Soliloquy – a speech given by a character as if alone; literally talking to oneself

Script – written version of a speech and actions of performers, as in a play or film

dict – say (dictionary, diction, prediction)

cred – believe (credible character, incredible, credulous)

cent – one hundred (century, centimeter, centipede)

neo– new (neophyte, neoclassic, neonatal)

ad – to (adhesive, adhere, addition, adapt)

cede – go (precede, antecedent, concede )

miss– send (dismiss, remiss, emission)

centri– center (centrifugal, centrist, concentric)

biblio– book (bibliophile, bibliography, bibliophobia)

anthropo– man (anthropology, anthropoid, anthropomorhpic)

PLUS 5 WORDS FROM LIST 2

 

Week 6 Vocabulary – quiz on Monday, October 21

Mood – atmosphere or feeling created by the writer

Overstatement – an exaggerated statement; hyperbole (“I have told you a million times”)

Understatement – often incorporating irony or humor, in which something is represented less than it really is. (when it is zero degrees outside – “It’s a little chilly”)

Stage Directions – instructions given to help the reader better understand the setting and characters; usually italicized or set off in parenthesis ( )

Euphemism – use of a word or phrase that is less offensive (He is in a better place now; instead of – He’s dead!)

Idiom – a well-accepted phrase that is not meant to be taken literally; a type of figurative language. (Stop beating around the bush, just tell me!)

Epiphany – a sudden realization of truth or knowledge; the “ah-ha” moment!

Tone shift – a sudden change in attitude – leads to the epiphany in poetry!

Compound sentence – two complete sentences joined together by a conjunction, adverb conjunction or semi-colon. (see SAM)

Complex sentence– a complete sentence that contains an independent and a dependent clause. (see SAM)

homo – over (homogeneous, homophone, homonym)

spec – look (spectacle, inspect, retrospect)

duct – lead (conduct, induct, deduct)

fer– carry (transfer, infer, confer)

pend – hang (pendant, pendulum, dependent)

micro – small (microphone, microscope, microbiotic)

hydro – water (hydrogen, dehydrate, hydroplane)

photo – light (photosynthesis, photogenic, photograph)

pan– all (pandemic, panorama, pantheism)

penta– five (pentagon, pentameter, pentagon)

PLUS 5 WORDS FROM LIST 3

 

Week 7 Vocabulary – quiz on Monday, October 28

Credible character – a character who is believable (CRED means believe)

Aside – when a character in a play turns away from the other character and speaks his thoughts – thinking out loud! (like a soliloquy but other characters are near)

Satire – the use of irony that makes fun of humans or society; many times, the purpose is to bring about change.   (Saturday Night Live is a satire)

Anecdote – a brief narrative offered in a text in order to capture the audience’s attention or to support a claim (Pastors often use anecdotes during sermons to prove a point)

Expository text – writing that explains an opinion, a process, a situation, etc

Motif – a reoccurring symbol or image. (the mocking jay in The Hunger Games)

Apostrophe – when a character is speaking to something dead or not alive; a form of personification.

Archetypical character - a character who represents a certain kind of human (Atticus Finch is an archetypical character for a good father)

Compound-Complex sentence – when 2 complete sentences are joined together by a conjunction or semi-colon AND includes a dependent and independent clause. (see SAM)

Simple sentence – contains one independent clause. (may have phrases though) (see SAM)

Tele – far (telescope, telephone, telepathy)

Vid-look (video, evidence, provide)

Omni – all (omnipotent, omnivirorous, omniscient)

Ex- out (exit, excise, except)

Poly – many (polygon, polygamy, polychrome)

Pseudo – false (pseudonym, pseudoscience, pseudopod)

Re-again (review, retouch, reiterate)

Hypo-under (hypodermic, hypotenuse, hypothermia)

Neuro – nerve (neuron, neurosurgeon, neurotomy)

Tomy – cut (tonsillectomy, appendectomy, lobotomy)

 

PLUS 5 words from LIST 4

 

 

Week 8 Vocabulary – quiz on Monday, November 4

Memoir – literary non-fiction; collection of memories from a person’s experience; like an auto-biography but focused on one particular event

Substantiated opinion – perspective that is verified, proven or confirmed (has gone UNDER the microscope!)

Unsubstantiated opinion – perspective that is NOT verified, proven or confirmed

Transition Words/Phrases – words or phrases that best link one idea to the next (see TRANSITION WORD hand-out)

Details – information that supports the thesis  

Logical Appeal (LOGOS) – proving one’s point through reasoning (textbooks)

Ethical Appeal (ETHOS) - proving one’s point by appealing to a moral standard or common belief (sermons)

Emotional Appeal (PATHOS) – proving one’s point by appealing to people’s feelings (TV ads)

Organizational pattern – how the author presents the information; how you set up your expository essays (introduction with the THESIS STATEMENT, body paragraphs, conclusion)

Reciprocal pronoun – pronoun that refers back to the ANTEcedent (himself, herself, yourself, myself, itself, each other) Anthony was proud of himself.

hema – blood  (hematype, hematoma, hematic)

proto– first (prototype, protoplasm, protohuman)

phon – sound (phonics, symphony, phonetic)

mono – one (monogamous, monotone, monologue)

viv – life (vivid, vivacious, revive)

morph – shape (morphology, amorphous, metamorphosis)

vest – clothes (vestibule, vestige, investiture)

bene – good (benefit, benevolent, benign)

pond – weigh (ponder, ponderous, imponderable)

corp – body (corpse, corpulent, corporation)

 

PLUS 5 words from LIST 5

 

Week 9 Vocabulary – quiz on Monday, November 18

Summarize- to reduce large sections of text to their essential points and main ideas.

Controlling Idea- the main point of a piece of writing; helps the reader understand the author’s purpose for writing.

Drawing Conclusion- a form of inference in which the reader gathers information and comes to a decision.

Rhetorical Device- a technique used to influence or persuade an audience.

Antithesis – a rhetorical device that proves a point by showing opposing sides. (Give me liberty or give me death; judge not by the color of skin but by the content of character)

Anaphora – a rhetorical device where a group of words is repeated at the beginning of successive clauses (I have a dream that one day….I have a dream that my four little children…I have a dream…)

Epistrophe – a rhetorical device where a group of words is repeated at the end of successive clauses (We saw no evil, spoke no evil, heard no evil)

Rhetorical Purpose- the author’s primary aim in a piece of writing: to narrate, to argue, to review, to explain, or to examine.

Restrictive Clause- a group of words that clarifies the meaning of the sentence (The author Elie Wisel won the Nobel Peace Prize. )

Non Restrictive Clause- a group of words that simply add details to the sentence; set off by commas. (Elie Wiesel, who is an author, won the Nobel Peace Prize.)

Add 10 root words

– dorm – sleep (dormitory, dormant, dormer)

– pater - father (paternal, paternize,paternilistic)

– nov - new (novel, novice, nova)

– punct – point (punctuate, punctual, puncture)

– ject - throw (eject, objection, reject)

– tion – act or state (completion, reaction, creation)

– loco - place (location, locomotive, localize)

– dox - option (orthodox, paradox, doxology)

– amphi - both ( amphibious, amphitheater, amphibian)

– magn – great (magna carta, magnificent, magnet)